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DTC “c28” (p1655): secondary throttle
valve actuator (stva) malfunction
Detected condition and possible cause
Detected condition
Possible cause
The operation voltage does not reach the stva.
Ecm does not receive communication signal from the
stva. Stva can not operate properly or its motor locked
Stva malfunction.
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Fuel tank construction
Fuel tank heat
shield
: aluminum film side should face the engine side.
Fuel tank front cover
Fuel tank front bracket
Velcro fastenings
: clean the adhesive surface before adhering
the velcro fastenings.
Insert
to the bracket.
Apply
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Battery
Battery connection in reverse polarity is strictly
prohibited. Such a wrong connection will damage the
components of the fi system instantly when reverse
power is applied.
Removing any battery terminal of a running engine is
strictly prohibited. The moment such removal is made,
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