Component locationContinuity check
Measure resistance across coupler “b” (between “a”
and “c” in figure).
If no continuity is indicated (infinity or over limit), the
circuit is open between terminals “a” and “c”.
Disconnect the coupler “b” and measure resistance
between couplers “a” and “b-1”.
If no continuity ...
Starter motor inspection
Refer to “starter motor disassembly and assembly” .
Carbon brush
Inspect the carbon brushes for abnormal wear, cracks or
smoothness in the brush holder.
If either carbon brush is defective, replace the brush
holder set with a new one.
Measure the length “a” of the carbon brushes using a
v ...
DTC “c28” (p1655): secondary throttle
valve actuator (stva) malfunction
Detected condition and possible cause
Detected condition
Possible cause
The operation voltage does not reach the stva.
Ecm does not receive communication signal from the
stva. Stva can not operate properly or its motor locked
Stva malfunction.
...